Hubble Reveals Stunning New Image of Spiral Galaxy NGC 3370 and Its Role in Measuring Cosmic Distances

The latest installment of the European Space Agency’s Hubble Picture of the Week showcases the stunning spiral galaxy NGC 3370, which has been observed by the Hubble Space Telescope over two decades. Situated approximately 90 million light-years from Earth in the constellation Leo, NGC 3370 has become a focal point for astronomical research, primarily due to its unique celestial features.

This galaxy contains two vital astronomical phenomena that assist scientists in measuring the vast distances across the universe: Cepheid variable stars and Type Ia supernovae. Cepheid variable stars are known for their pulsating behavior, which leads to variations in size and temperature. These fluctuations occur over days or months, offering key insights into their luminosity. Notably, these stars exhibit a pattern where the more luminous they are, the slower their pulsation rate. By analyzing the duration of these brightness cycles, astronomers can calculate the intrinsic brightness of a Cepheid variable, allowing them to determine the distance to both the star and its host galaxy.

On the other hand, Type Ia supernovae present an explosive method for distance measurements. These events occur when the remnants of a star undergo a dramatic nuclear fusion explosion. The uniform peak brightness of Type Ia supernovae allows astronomers to ascertain their distance in a singular moment of brightness, complementing the insights gained from Cepheid variable stars. Together, these celestial objects play an important role in refining our understanding of the universe’s expansion rate.

Hubble previously captured an image of NGC 3370 in 2003, but the latest photograph offers a closer and more detailed perspective, incorporating a broader range of light wavelengths not seen in earlier observations. NGC 3370 is part of a group of galaxies that also includes the regions of NGC 3447 and NGC 3455, further enriching the tapestry of cosmic study in this area of space.

This exquisite image of NGC 3370 reveals a vividly depicted spiral structure featuring yellow-white hues at its core, with outer blue regions showcasing clusters of stars. Surrounding the galaxy are dark threads of dust swirling close to the center, creating a striking contrast against a backdrop filled with other galaxies, enhancing its visual splendor.